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| Guards equipped with WWII weapons; here the Czechoslovak ZBvz30 |
The Patriotic Guards (Gărzile Patriotice) were
paramilitary formations in the Socialist Republic of Romania from 1968 to 1989. |
| Young female Guards posing with rifles next to an industrial complex |
The Patriotic Guards were formed under Nicolae Ceaușescu as
an armed force under the direct control of the Romanian Communist Party to
provide additional defence and support in the event of an invasion of Romania.
Membership included both men and women and adolescents as young as middle
school age, with a peak of approximately 700,000 members across Romania in
1989.
They were formed after condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion
of Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring, conducted the Soviet Union, the
Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the Hungarian
People's Republic. Romania was a member of the Warsaw Pact but did not
participate in the invasion as Ceaușescu tried to pursue a political line
independent from the Soviets.
Ceaușescu appealed to anti-Sovietism within the Romanian
population to ask for resistance against the threat of a Soviet invasion
against Romania. The Romanian nationalist themes he used had their immediate
effect in rallying large portions of the public, who began organizing and
arming themselves under the direction of the ruling Romanian Communist Party
(PCR).
In December 1989, during the Romanian Revolution, Ceaușescu
attempted to mobilise the Patriotic Guards against anti-government protesters.
However, the pace of events and the breadth of hostility to his regime
outstripped this plan. Many Patriotic Guard members, who like most other
Romanians were fed up with Ceauşescu's failed economic policies and suffering
from declining living standards, actually joined the protesters.